The life cycle of stArs
The End Of A Stars Life
The picture above shows the start of the end of a stars life in the form of a flowchart. These are 3 different types of stars: Red giant stars, Main sequence stars and white dwarfs. The end starts in a Red Giant Phase which makes the outer shell of a star gradually swell up and expand and while this is happening, the star glows red. The stars stay in this state until it changes into different stages depending on the size of the star. For a red giant and main sequence star, they turn into a supernova. These supernovas can be as hot as 1,000,000,000 °C as they are energy which was absorbed and then released in a massive explosion which is a supernova. After the supernova, the star now either becomes a neutron star (main sequence star) or a black hole (red giant star). The white dwarfs however, turn into a planetary nebula, which is a ring around the suns core. This ring (planetary nebula) is formed by carbon atoms formed by fused hydrogen atoms. After this, the last of the hydrogen gas is blown away to make this ring. After this stage, the last of the white dwarfs matter collapses inwards and then it compacts. This is all because of gravity. At this stage, these stars shine with a white hot light until all it's energy is all gone. It then turn into a black dwarf, which the star will be forever.
Back to the red giant and main sequence, the former (main sequence) turns into a neutron star. Only the cores of stars that are 1.5 to 4 times as large as our sun turn into these. Neutron stars give off radio waves while it spins rapidly. The star can be called a pulsar if the radio waves are emitted in pulses. The latter (red giant) turns into a black hole. Only the cores of stars that are 8 times the size of our sun (these stars are HUGE) become black holes. The star is swallowed by its own gravity as the core cannot be supported by nuclear fusion as there is none there at all.
The picture above shows the start of the end of a stars life in the form of a flowchart. These are 3 different types of stars: Red giant stars, Main sequence stars and white dwarfs. The end starts in a Red Giant Phase which makes the outer shell of a star gradually swell up and expand and while this is happening, the star glows red. The stars stay in this state until it changes into different stages depending on the size of the star. For a red giant and main sequence star, they turn into a supernova. These supernovas can be as hot as 1,000,000,000 °C as they are energy which was absorbed and then released in a massive explosion which is a supernova. After the supernova, the star now either becomes a neutron star (main sequence star) or a black hole (red giant star). The white dwarfs however, turn into a planetary nebula, which is a ring around the suns core. This ring (planetary nebula) is formed by carbon atoms formed by fused hydrogen atoms. After this, the last of the hydrogen gas is blown away to make this ring. After this stage, the last of the white dwarfs matter collapses inwards and then it compacts. This is all because of gravity. At this stage, these stars shine with a white hot light until all it's energy is all gone. It then turn into a black dwarf, which the star will be forever.
Back to the red giant and main sequence, the former (main sequence) turns into a neutron star. Only the cores of stars that are 1.5 to 4 times as large as our sun turn into these. Neutron stars give off radio waves while it spins rapidly. The star can be called a pulsar if the radio waves are emitted in pulses. The latter (red giant) turns into a black hole. Only the cores of stars that are 8 times the size of our sun (these stars are HUGE) become black holes. The star is swallowed by its own gravity as the core cannot be supported by nuclear fusion as there is none there at all.
The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is a graph that shows the temperature of a star on the axis of this graph and the brightness on the vertical axis. The diagram shows results for over 50 stars and is very useful in determining what type of star and the age of the star. Our Sun is included in this graph. The stars on the top right corner are red giant stars, on the bottom left corner are the white dwarfs and in the middle diagonally are the main sequence stars. We can determine how hot and bright the stars on this chart are. If they are near the top of the graph, they are bright whereas the stars near the bottom are dull. If the stars are near the left, they are extremely hot and if they are near the right, they are not as cold.
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is a graph that shows the temperature of a star on the axis of this graph and the brightness on the vertical axis. The diagram shows results for over 50 stars and is very useful in determining what type of star and the age of the star. Our Sun is included in this graph. The stars on the top right corner are red giant stars, on the bottom left corner are the white dwarfs and in the middle diagonally are the main sequence stars. We can determine how hot and bright the stars on this chart are. If they are near the top of the graph, they are bright whereas the stars near the bottom are dull. If the stars are near the left, they are extremely hot and if they are near the right, they are not as cold.
![Picture](/uploads/2/6/3/2/26320526/6085075_orig.jpg)
Black Holes
Black holes are actually not holes surprisingly, they are actually the opposite of empty (not full). As they are really dense, the gravity of black holes are really strong. So strong that not even light can escape.
Fun Fact: If a human went into a black hole, his/her body would closely resemble toothpaste being squeezed out of the tube.